Essentially Biological Processes as per Section 3(j) of Indian Patent Act, 1970
According to Section 3(j) of the Patents Act, 1970: "Plants and animals in whole or any part thereof other than micro organisms but including seeds, varieties and species and essentially biological processes for production or propagation of plants and animals are not patentable inventions" Plant breeders need to protect their genetically modified plants to compensate for the high levels of investment in developing plants with desired genotypic and/or phenotypic trait. The guidelines for examination of Biotechnology applications for patent explicitly state that transgenic/modified microorganisms which do not constitute discovery of living things occurring in nature are patentable subject matter under the Patents Act. However, the decision ( Monsanto Technology LLC v. The Controller of Patents & Designs and Ors. , OA/02/2012/PT/DEL ) of the Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) on July 5, 2013, refusing Monsanto’s patent application (2407/DELNP/2